The Effects of Television Violence Essay - 1416 Words

The Effects of Television Violence Recent attention in the media relating violence and children has created much controversy and debate. Our society has brought much focus on violence in the media and how it has effected children of all ages and races. High school shootings and increasing crime in small towns all over the country has brought forth the question of whether or not children are exposed or desensitized to too much violence in television, movies, news, and other sources. Many people feel this violence is causing children to kill children and good towns go bad. Many people are also wondering if this violence could be a matter of survival for our society or if it has to do with the way parents are raising their†¦show more content†¦Theaters have an age system for people who want to see movies but are not quite old enough to handle the violence maturely. This works when children under the age of seventeen are not admitted into certain movies unless accompanied by an adult. This is effective but only when the theaters follow the rules, and when parents who do accompany their children know which movie is acceptable for their children to see. These systems are effective for TV and movies but what about other forms of media violence such as the news, books, and video games? Video games seem to get increasingly violent and yet parents are still allowing their children to play them, and books are easy to come across as long as you have a library card or a few dollars. The violence in the news seems to be one form of brutality that will not be departing from our society until crime disappears all together. So the parents do have an effect on what their children are exposed to and they have a lot of control over most of the violence their children are witnessing. Lately, recent crime increases in white upper and middle-class parts of our nation have brought focus to this media violence problem. Many people have stereotyped urban areas as criminally prosperous areas and have only focused on this problem when it began to happen in the areas of our nation where things were supposed to have a lower crime rate. Small towns in our country areShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Television Violence on Children1315 Words   |  6 Pages Shortly after a Boston television station showed a movie depicting teenagers dousing a derelict with gasoline and setting him afire, six youths attacked a woman and set her on fire in an identical manner. Several months later, NBC televised Born Innocent, a made-for-television- movie, which showed the sexual violation of a young girl with a broom handle. Three days after this program aired, a group of girls committed a similar attack on another 9-year-old girl (â€Å"Wild† A20). These are justRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1735 Words   |  7 Pageswatches approximately 23 hours of television weekly. Children spend more time watching TV than doing any other leisure activity. By the time they finish high school, most have spent more time in front of the TV than in the classroom (Strasburger, 1995). On average, a child will see 18,000 murders, robberies, bombings, assaults, and beatings in their years of watching television (Liebowitz, 1997). Not to mention all the food commercials. In today s society, the television is used for more than just entertainmentRead MoreTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children867 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children The children of today are surrounded by technology and entertainment that is full of violence. It is estimated that the average child watches from three to five hours of television a day! (Neilson 1993). Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a childs behaviorRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1552 Words   |  7 Pagesleisure 2.8 hours of television a day. There is the constant outcry from parents and teachers that children are growing to be television-obsessed zombies, or that the exposure to violence from their favorite shows are going to cause aggressive actions. But if that is true, then how is it that we as adults are able to stop ourselves from murdering everyone we see, especially if we have so many television programs with violence as a feature? The effect that television violence has on us does not comeRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Today violence is the gold of television. Violence has become a high demand by the viewers. The more violence equals more views which equals more demand. According to Hamilton (2002), â€Å"Children are not the target of advertisers on most violent programs. But their exposure to violent images can lead to social damages not factored into decisions about when to air programs and where to draw the line on content† (p. 18). The controversial debate that television violence influence childrenRead MoreEffects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Television Violence Program on Children Now more and more violence television shows appear on the screen. A lot of television shows will remind that is available for certain range of audience. Of course, elementary school student, mostly watch cartoon. However, the television production people will add violence into the show. This study aimed to demonstrate the gender-specific impact of violence-oriented television cartoons for children, and to identify the behaviors demonstrating thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough violence. The guest baby sits your kids and teaches them principles you don’t agree with. Does watching violence in TV is harmful for your children? Is it Ok to let the 2 year olds watch TV unsupervised? No says the American replacing baby sitters? Hypothesis: Extensive viewing of television violence causes children to behave in aggressive or harmful ways to others. Children model behavior they see in the media, she wrote in 1993. If kids don t see the consequences of violence, it teachesRead MoreEffects of Television Violence and Children3538 Words   |  15 PagesEffects of Television violence and Children Outline: I.THESIS STAEMENT: Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behavior of children especially in their brain’s development. II. PORPUSE OF THE RESEARCH III. INTRODUCTION IV. HIPOTHESIS amp; METHOD A. CHILDREN QUESTIONNAIRE 1. HOW IT CAN AFFECT VIEWER’S BEHAVIOUR 2. CHILDREN RESPONSES B. EFFECTS amp; RESULTS 1. NEGATIVE EFFECTS a. Behavior ofRead MoreEssay Television Violence and Its Effects622 Words   |  3 PagesTelevision Violence and Its Effects Violence on television is a primary cause of violence in real life Teenagers my age are constantly being bombarded with so called parental warnings and film certificates which intend to provide us with guidance on what we should and should not be watching, if it be on the box or at the cinema. Politicians and socialRead MoreThe Effects of Television Violence on Children Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages Thesis Statement: Unsupervised children who watch violence on television exhibit violence in their everyday lives and develop into aggressive adults. â€Å"Research shows that television violence increases levels of aggression, fear, and desensitization among some who consume it† (Hamilton). This quotation by James Hamilton briefly summarizes the potentially negative effects of television on young minds. A child’s favorite television show can keep a child occupied while the mother prepares

Development of a Multinational Personnel System - 3178 Words

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR LEADERSHIP CASE STUDY: DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTINATIONAL PERSONNEL SELECTION SYSTEM ABOUT THE COMPANY: ComInTec AG Co. is a worldwide leading industrial company that has administration, plants, and sales offices in various regions across the globe, mainly Central, Eastern and Western Europe, Asia-Pacific region (APAC), North America, Central and South America. In 2006 they had 23,000 employees worldwide and gross revenue of 5.8 billion Euros in sales. They had recovered well from the worldwide crisis (recession) that had earlier forced the company to opt for downsizing procedures between 2003 and 2006, resulting in the cut of 900 jobs worldwide. The global headquarter of the company is situated in Munich,†¦show more content†¦He is very confrontational and provocative individual, with strong belief in his own ideology. Name: Ms. Sabine Weitmann Designation: Psychologist Nationality: German Brief Description: Ms. Weitmann is a German psychologist with experience in the field of Psychology. She has attended many conferences and seminars during her time in the States. She is well known for her differentiated thinking, something that comes with being a psychologist. More often than not, she goes about trying to diffuse a volatile situation, cherishing the illusion of salvaging the situation. Name: Ms. Sarah Goldmann Designation: Intern Nationality: German Brief Description: Responsible for noting the minutes of the project teams meetings, along with her assistant; Dai Wei. She tries her best to contribute her own ideas to meetings, and is always on the lookout to impress her superiors. Name: Mr. Dai Wei Designation: Assistant to Sarah Goldmann Nationality: Chinese Brief Description: Responsible for noting the minutes of the project teams meetings. He is an MBA graduate from the Strategic Human Resource Management Institute in Hong Kong. He is a confrontational and expressive individual with a slight temper, but other than that has many traits applicable to high power distance cultures Name: Ms. Bettina Carter Designation: Lawyer Nationality: German Brief Description: She is a German lawyer. She is a very down-to-earthShow MoreRelatedDevelopment of a Multinational Personnel Selection System: Comintec800 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of a Multinational Personnel Selection System Situation Analysis: ComInTec, a worldwide leading industrial company, has just introduced the new regional management level which 25 middle management positions were expected to be filled in the Asian-Pacific-region. Therefore, the project team with Dr. Thomas Koch as a leader will be responsible for implementing the new personnel selection process. Moreover, Koenig, Dr. Thomas Koch’s boss needs him to come up with the selection system thatRead Moreï » ¿Development of a Multinational Personnel Selection System Essay2103 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Development of a Multinational Personnel Selection System 1. Summary of the Case Study Mr Koch works as an expatriate in Hong Kong for ComInTec AG Co. He was working for the company in the HR department for 17 years and since three years he is the HR director. One day he got the assignment to form a cross functional project team in the high profitable APAC States. The company strive to establish a new regional management level in Asia. A new personnel selection system had to be developedRead Moreâ€Å"Development of a Multinational Personnel Selection System† Discussion Questions1204 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Development of a Multinational Personnel Selection System† Discussion Questions 1. Based on your reading of the textbook chapter what strengths and what shortcomings do you see in the newly developed multinational personnel selection system? The newly developed multinational personnel selection system seems to be okay at first glance. It is great that the system is two-tiered, with the first tier consisting of three modules: viewing the applicants’ resume, an unstructured phone interview withRead Moreâ€Å"Development of a Multinational Personnel Selection System† Discussion Questions1210 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Development of a Multinational Personnel Selection System† Discussion Questions 1. Based on your reading of the textbook chapter what strengths and what shortcomings do you see in the newly developed multinational personnel selection system? The newly developed multinational personnel selection system seems to be okay at first glance. It is great that the system is two-tiered, with the first tier consisting of three modules: viewing the applicants’ resume, an unstructured phone interview withRead MoreEvolution of Personnel Towards Hrm1110 Words   |  5 PagesPart (a) HRM Assignment 1 Throughout the history of the evolution of personnel towards HRM there have been many landmarks which fall into a number of categories. For example, I will discuss the following headings; the welfare tradition, scientific management, the multinational influence, HRM education and U.S perspective in the 1980’s. I will discuss in each of the headings and the ways in which they have influenced HRM throughout the years. Welfare tradition – the welfare tradition was developedRead MoreNcr Case Analysis : Ncr Corporation1262 Words   |  6 PagesNCR in Scotland Case Study NCR set up its subsidiary in Dundee in 1946 as part of a wave of inward investment in Europe by major American multinational companies. The incentives had come from various European governments, coupled with the Marshall Aid Plan, a brain child of General George Marshall, who aimed to revive Europe’s economy after the ravages of the World War II. NCR as a whole has about 38,000 employees worldwide. The Dundee subsidiary employs around 1,500 people of whom about 100 areRead MoreStaffing Policies - Pros N Cons1319 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is International Staffing? International management encounters many problems above those faced by a domestic organization. Geographic distance and a lack of close, day-to-day relationships with headquarters represent a major challenge to multinationals. It is essential, therefore, that special attention is given to the staffing practices of overseas units (Pigors 1973: 690). According to Pigors (1973: 690) there are three different sources of employees with whom an international companyRead MoreChallenges Faced By The Multinational Organizations1396 Words   |  6 PagesDue to the rapid development of economics and also increase in the globalisation the multinational firms are becoming more prevalent. The challenges that the present managers of these multinational firms are facing are due to intercultural communication. Many researchers say that the differences in the culture eventually influence the communication, performance and management of the organization. Organizations that are planning to expand their business in the international countries have to faceRead MoreMultinational Corporations Based On International Business Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the multinational is separated in several nations, it remains as a single enterprise and therefore must consider how to balance competitive pressures for differentiation and integration (L awrence and Lorsch, 1967). Multinationals must decide how to be sensitive to the unique demands of the indigenous environment without inhibiting their ability to coordinate the internal operations of local units in search of global strategies. As these issues of differentiation and integration are oftenRead MoreIvey – Development of a Multi-National Personnel Selection System2637 Words   |  11 Pagesindustrial company with administration, sales offices and production plants in various regions in the world.1 The owner of the company, Peter Koenig, wants to have a new personnel selection system to be developed to fill 25 middle management positions in the Asian-Pacific (APAC) region2. He prefers to have a standardized personnel selection system which works everywhere (i.e. something that is ‘’applicable cross-nationally and cross-regionally’’ 3). This means that is should be specific in one country, but

Analysing Personality and Organizational Growth †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Analysing Personality and Organizational Growth. Answer: Personality influence on personal and professional lives The big five personality model helps to identifies and analyse an individuals behaviour at workplace or in their personal lives. There are five personality traits known as OCEAN forms a strong basis for analysing the personality of an individual (Rothmann Coetzer, 2003). After taking the personality test the results found were as follows: In the organization open mindedness level is very important as it shows the flexibility in adapting new things and have an ability to listen to new ideas but in my case it was found to be average which implies that an individual is hesitant to adapt changes and try something new. It is a major hurdle in any organizational growth. In personal life I am reluctant to try out new things and want to follow the conventional routine (Bailey, 2014). The high conscientiousness level signifies that as a professional I am well planned and set realistic goals and very persistent in achieving them and when it comes to the personal life, I am capable of dealing with lifes tough situation and my lifes decisions are governed by values and principles. The extraversion level was below average which means in professional life, I am very resistant when it comes to communicate my views on certain issues. In personal life I am an introvert and not socially active. The agreeableness level was found to be very high which means I cannot break trust or deceive anyone for my personal benefit. Also I am good listener and very concerned about others problem and their well-being. The negative emotionality level was very low. In case of any issues in my professional life, I tend to be calm and handle the stressful situation efficiently. Also I have less anger issues. Personality traits and core values of the role model The role model that I have chosen is Late Steve Jobs, who was the cofounder of Apple Inc. The personality traits of Steve Jobs are: He was a visionary leader; with his innovative products from iPod to iPhone to MacBook he changed the future of technology (Kalla, 2012). He made everyone believe in his vision and delivered something beyond everyones expectations. Perseverance and Passion was reflected in Steve Jobs journey. When he was thrown out from the Apple Inc. he started his own companies Pixar and Next whose shares were later purchased by the Apple. This gave him a way to enter into that organization again and accomplish his dream of making innovative and technologically advanced products. The core value of Steve Jobs was innovation. He and his team were responsible for making revolutionary products which have changed the way how we use the smartphones and computers. He believed in the philosophy of Stay Hungry and Stay Foolish which means an individual should always be hungry for learning and innovating something new and staying foolish so that one can always learn from their mistakes. Steve Jobs surprised everyone with its voice assistant Siri and their famous iPods changed the music listening experience of everyone. He believed in breaking the stereotypes and innovating something unconventional. IPods are the clear example. When Sony was ruling the music player department with Walkman, Steve Jobs dared to launched his IPods and in no time they replaced Walkman and captured the market. The core values of Steve Jobs have helped Apple to become a Global Leader in Technological products. References Bailey, S. (2014). Can Personality Predict Performance? Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastianbailey/2014/07/08/can-personality-predict-performance/#11a74b5a5499 on 5 May 2017. Kalla, S. (2012). 10 Leadership Tips from Steve Jobs. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/susankalla/2012/04/02/10-leadership-tips-from-steve-jobs/#3ea5d9a3667f on 5 May 2017. Rothmann, S. Coetzer, E.P. (2003). THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND JOB PERFORMANCE. Retrieved from https://www.ianrothmann.com/pub/psyc_v29_n1_a9.pdf on 5 May 2017.

Intellectual Property Rights free essay sample

Intellectual Property Rights: Music Piracy and Technology J. A. Taylor University of Maryland University College 0902ECON2017983 Dr. Charles Nwaka May 09, 2009 Intellectual Property Rights: Music Piracy and Technology The focus of this research paper is to examine the history of Intellectual Property Rights, with an emphasis on the authorized and unauthorized digital downloads of copyrighted music. Intellectual property rights and its relevance in the policing the music industry has been debated by many for years. With the increasing rate of advancements in technology, most certainly outpacing the policing of music piracy, the violation of intellectual property rights will continue on a global scale. The state of the music industry has drastically changed over the last ten years due to advancements in technology and the prevalent utilization of the internet and the popularity of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Today, the availability of audio and video content is available to the masses. Where consumers used to purchase compact discs of their favorite artist, now with an internet connection and a few clicks of the mouse, they can enjoy the music of their favorite artist without having to leave the comfort of their home. We will write a custom essay sample on Intellectual Property Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With compression technologies, such as MP3s, electronic distribution of music is quick and easy, legally and illegally, with the later being the case much of the time. The arguments as to how much the music industry has been affected by music piracy are varied but consistently the numbers are large in scale. To begin, I will provide a brief history of Intellectual Property Rights, discussing its origin. I will then discuss how advancements in technology, specifically the internet, have outpaced intellectual property rights and the protection that they were designed for. There has been much empirical literature on this subject, so I will discuss some of these findings as well. I will then present statistics on music piracy and their purported effects on music sales, whether intellectual property rights are effective in preventing illegal and unauthorized downloads, and initiatives in place and some that are being discussed to limit or combat copyright infringement. The U. S. Congress enacted the first copyright legislation with the Copyright Act of 1790 designed to provide exclusive rights to authors of maps, charts and book. The act provided American authors exclusive rights to their works for a term of 14 years, with the right of renewal for an additional 14 year term if the author was still alive. While American authors had laws in place to protect their works, the Copyright Act of 1790 did not provide the same protection to foreign authors. This United States refusal to recognize the works of foreigner continued for over 100 years, when in 1891 Congress passed an international copyright act. Additionally, no protection was afforded to works such as musical compositions or newspapers during the initial copyright act. The Copyright Act of 1790 has undergone many revisions over the years. It has been modified many times to encompass new technologies such as music recordings. It has also been modified to extend the length of the term of protection and the length of the extension one receives when the initialterm expires. In 1909, the U. S. Copyright Act was revised to include all works of authorship, including music. From sheet music to the player piano and the compact disc, mechanical rights cover the mechanical reproduction of music. In this case, the copyright holder usually administers these rights directly, but mechanical rights are unique in that anyone is allowed to record a song once the copyright owner has done so or has allowed it to be recorded by others. Once this is done, a fee or royalties is paid to the copyright holder. The compulsory rate is currently 6. 95 cents per song per recording, or 1. 3 cents per minute, whichever is larger. ()Inevitably, whenever a new technology is introduced, it is soon followed by the extension of copyright laws to deal with the new technology and protect the works. The advancements in information technology have been rapid. With the introduction of the personal computer in 1977, the World Wide Web in 1989 and the first mass-market web browser, Netscape in 1994 the information highway has expanded. Now that most information is born digital and this digital information is typically very easy to copy and disseminate, it is conceivable that copyright laws may become almost impossible to enforce in the world of music. () The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) has taken the lead on trying to enforce copyright laws for the music industry with 500,000 infringing links removed in 2007. The IFPI represents the recording industry worldwide, with 1400 members in 72 countries and affiliated industry associations in 44 countries. The IFPI, collating separate studies in 16 countries over a four-year period, estimated unauthorized file-sharing at over 40 billion files in 2008 alone. This means that globally around 95 percent of music tracks are downloaded without payment to the artist or the music company. () Even with this staggering report of the amount of illegally downloaded digital music, the RIAA has reported that the sales of digital music continued growing at a rapid pace in 2008. In fact, the RIAA states that digital music now constitutes 32 percent of the total market value, and $2. 7 billion in total shipments. So, how accurate can the assessment by IFPI really be? There is much empirical literature on this subject all with different opinions as to the effect that music piracy has on the overall sales of CDs or legally purchased digital downloads. The main empirical papers in this area are Blackburn (2005), Oberholzer and Strumpf (2004), Rob and Waldfogel (2004) and Zentner (2006). Blackburn (2005) examines the effect of on-line downloads in music retail sales and finds that on-line downloads work as demand advertisements for small artists, but they work as demand substitutes for big artists. Rob and Waldfogel (2004) collect data on album purchase and download, and find that each download decreases purchase probability by 20 percent. They also find, thanks to valuation data, that downloading decreases expenditure and increase the welfare of those downloading except for the musician. Zentner (2006) uses a European cross section data set to estimate the effect of music downloads on purchasing probability. He finds that peer-to-peer usage reduces the probability of purchases by 30%. Finally, Oberholzer and Strumpf (2004) find that downloading has no statistical or significant economic impact on music purchases. ) Boldrin and Levine, both professors of economics in Arts Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, argue that there is plenty of money in the distributing and selling of digital content via the Web without the obstacles created by DRM for consumers who legally purchase the digital files. () Hui and Png estimate losses from piracy to be lower than claimed by t he industry. They also find that publishers would have reduced prices in order to dissuade piracy, suggesting that the true revenue loss would have been higher than reported. ) Based on the numerous journal articles and papers I have read on the subject, I tend to agree with Hui Png. With music purchases in 2008 reaching 1. 5 billion, marking the fourth consecutive year music sales have exceeded 1 billion, one would have to come to such a position. To believe the IFPIs purported statement of 95 percent of downloaded music to be of the illegal nature with the remaining 5 percent being legal and contributing to 1. 5 billion in sales is quite a stretch. Another more recent study found that internet music piracy does not hurt legitimate CD sales and it may in fact boost the sales. The rationale behind this way of thinking was that the consumers who downloaded music on P2P networks were college students who would not have bought a CD anyway. By access to P2P network, they can sample music for free and then buy the legal copy if they like, so in affect the file-sharing network stimulates demand and profits. () Adding to the complexity of enforcing the copyright laws for the music industry is the equally accessible black market. The black market for music is astounding. From the mom and pop shops, to the local barber shop, the street entrepreneurs of the urban communities trying to make a profit are in abundance. The products of choice for many of these entrepreneurs are bootleg CDs and movies. As a military member I have had the opportunity to travel to many countries. If there is one thing that is the same from Korea to Japan to the deserts of Iraq and Afghanistan, it is the black market is alive and well. What I have also found, is that these countries do not think the selling of bootleg CDs, as piracy. They only see it as they are a firm or business with a good or service to provide to the consumer and with no law enforcement to regulate, they operate unabatedly. Enforcement of copyright laws or the lack of enforcement depending upon who you ask has not been for lack of trying. The case brought against the creator and owner of Napster for one highlighted the lengths to which the government would go to protect the copyrights of musicians. The original Napster was the first major file sharing tool and popularized file sharing for the masses. While it was a P2P network, it was not considered P2P in the same sense of websites such as Kazaa. This was because Napster relied on central servers to maintain lists of connected systems and the files users provided. This meant that actual transactions, the transferring of MP3s, were occurring machine to machine. The drawback to this type of infrastructure was that if the computer in which your computer was communicating with shut down, then the transfer of your requested file would terminate. () This case also shined a bright light onto what at its infancy seemed to be harmless and something created for friends who loved music. When Shawn Fanning created Napster in early 1999 while attending Bostons Northeastern University, an idea born out of frustration with MP3. om and others, no one could have foresaw the attention, to which the sharing of MP3s on P2P networks would bring, especially the legal ramifications the sharing of copyrighted music would bring. More than 60 million users took notice and advantage of this new internet sensation. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) also took notice and in December 1999, on the behalf of every major record label in the music industry, i nitiated legal actions against Napster for copyright infringement. Napster did not dispute the allegations leveled against them, therefore the court held that at least some of the Napsters users were direct infringers. The district court ordered Napster to monitor the activities of its network to block access to infringing material. Napster consequently shut down its service in July 2001, and the trademark name was sold to Roxio in October 2003 amid bankruptcy. () As a result of thisand other cases, digital reproduction, international commerce, and digital music sampling have exposed gaps in the laws ability to deal with new forms of production and new technologies. Powerful interests have argued for stronger restrictions that intimidate artists, musicians, and computer hobbyists into respecting property rights at the expense of creative liberty. Others have abandoned all hope of legally constraining piracy and sampling, and have instead advocated a system of electronic locks and gates that would restrict access to only those who agree to follow certain strict guidelines. (Vaidhyanathan, 2001) One such lock or gateemployed to combat music piracy, is the implementation of the Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology. DRM is a technology most will recognize from digital music files downloaded legally from ITunes. DRM allows copyright holders to control how music is distributed online. DRM technologies also can restrict the number of times a user can play a certain file, prevent the file from being copied and passed to others, restrict the number of copies that can be made, or prevent the copying of the file altogether. (Jaisingh, 2007) Along with DRM technologies, the music industry has been calling for the creation of proprietary formats, including ompression, encryption and rights management technologies. The thought process being to make the copying of the original digital copy so expensive that it discourages the consumer from making the copy available for download or hardcopy by using a combination of encryption and digital rights management system. A more recent initiative at the urging of the IFPI, is enlisting the assistance of the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in order to track the of fenders at the source. The principle that ISPs should play a greater role in protecting online content is moving from concept to implementation. The music industry first proposed a solution to the online piracy problem extending responsibility for copyright protection across the value chain to include ISPs in 2005. Three years later, government-backed systems of ISP cooperation are being advanced or considered in many countries. (Kennedy, 2009)The government of France is one of the first to require steps by ISPs to deter piracy. In 2008 France adopted a law called Creation and Internet Law which sets up a graduated response for ISPs to warn copyright abusers. The system targets persistent abusers who ignore the warnings and are then punished with loss of internet access for one to twelve months. The governments of the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia are all moving towards adopting similar systems of graduated response, with other government soon to follow. My research as it pertains to intellectual property rights, its applicability within the music industry and the effectiveness of the initiatives in place to combat copyright infringement, has led me to believe that you can never really rid the industry of music piracy. One has to wonder whether or not when CDs are sold in the stores, whether the record companies put them out and price them as such with a reasonable expectation that piracy will occur. I truly believe that there is a certain amount of unauthorized copying that is expected. How else can you explain level of illegal downloads, especially when it comes to the pre-release downloads that occur with increased frequency. Pre-release copies are leaked days and weeks before the official release date and the number of files containing this music spreads like wildfire. Who else but the record companies would leak these records earlier than advertised? It is a calculated method to gauge the interest and potentially selling power of their product. It is a fact that consumers typically have a higher regard for a good or service if other consumers hold the good or service in the same regard. Because of this, firms can charge a higher price for the good or service with the expectation that it will eventually be pirated. The initiatives being discussed to combat illegal download and distribution of music such as encryption and DRM may reduce the level of music piracy but will not eliminate it all together. With every new technology, there is equal money and time by software designers by profession orhobby in the developing of measures to defeat safeguards such as encryption and DRM technologies. It is these individuals with the technical knowhow, which will continue to make the products available to the masses. Additionally, companies such as ITunes that employ this type of technology on music downloads will eventually abandon the practice, evidenced by statements from Steve Jobs.